Equine

Consistency in morphological characteristics suggested a common etiopathogenesis for subchondral bone cysts

A direct approach using a third portal into the proximal intertarsal joint is a good alternative for removal of fragments at this site

Treatment for 3 consecutive days did not negatively affect surgical wounds healing by second intention in the distal limb of horses

A direct approach for arthroscopic removal of OC fragments of the PIJ using a third portal into this joint, without resection of the membrane between the TCJ and PIJ is a good alternative for removal of fragments at this site

Prognosis for survival to discharge with minimally displaced incomplete fractures is good. Open reduction and internal fixation in adult horses has a poor prognosis.

Internal fixation of cervical fracture was associated with minimal complications, healing and a highly functional outcome in these horses

he direct approach provided significantly better visualization of the ipsilateral structures within the navicular bursa compared to the transthecal approach

Prognosis for survival to discharge with minimally displaced incomplete fractures is good

Computed tomography examination allowed clear identification of the fracture configurations and was superior to radiography

More distal screw allows placement of a longer screw and renders a more rigid fracture fixation, but a higher risk of solar canal penetration