Knee

Well tolerated, with complication rates historically similar to dogs undergoing unilateral or staged bilateral surgery

Surface blood flow appears greater in partially ruptured canine CrCL than intact CrCL

Developed with the specific aim of increasing precision and predictability during corrective osteotomy execution

The use of a titanium foam implant appears to be an effective treatment for lameness due to failure of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs

Further research is needed to determine a clinically effective dose with shorter duration of motor block for magnesium used as an additive to spinal analgesic agents

The EAI effectively stabilized the CrCL-deficient stifle, and significantly improved lameness scores and stifle ROM

Synovial ATP was elevatel in the stifles of dogs with secondary osteoarthritis and urate-induced synovitis

Surgical correction had a favorable overall success rate, but owners should be counseled regarding the associated high rate of complications

No one study or combination of studies provided high quality evidence to support one diagnostic or surgical intervention over another for meniscal injuries in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament failure.

Short-term radiographic and clinical outcome suggests a very low risk of complications