Knee

The overall radiographic complication rate and healing scores were found to be similar to those described for unilateral TTA

As part of a multimodal analgesia approach the use of femoral and sciatic nerves blocks with bupivacaine appears to be an alternative technique to help with analgesia and anesthesia during surgery.

Breed differences, body weights, and muscle mass should be taken into consideration during assessment of the stifle function using goniometric measurements

TTA and TPLO were considered to be equally effective in promoting weight bearing capacity recovery in the trial

Pelvic limb function improves following surgical correction of grade 4 MPL; however, a return to full function should be considered guarded.

Outcome suggests a very low risk of complications. Rotation beyond the "safe point" is necessary to perform full rotation in some cases.

Pelvic limb function improves following surgical correction of grade 4 MPL; however, a return to full function should be considered guarded.

Absence of high quality evidence to establish the true frequency or risk factors for meniscal injury in these dogs

At the time of mid-term and long-term owner follow-up, most dogs in this case series had returned to full function

Surgical procedures used to treat cranial cruciate injuries (ie, TPLO) and patellar luxation decreased blood delivery to the patellar tendon of canine cadavers, at least acutely